The Schengen Area is a group of 27 European countries that have abolished passport and other types of border controls at their mutual borders.
Which countries are part of the Schengen Area?
The Schengen Area includes countries like France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, and others. Some non-EU countries like Norway and Switzerland are also part of it.
Can I work in the Schengen Area without a work visa?
No, if you are a non-EU/EEA/Swiss national, you need a work visa or residence permit to work in the Schengen Area.
Are there any specific visa requirements for the Schengen Area?
Yes, the requirements depend on the country you're applying to. Most Schengen countries have similar visa rules, but each country may have its own specific conditions.
2. Work Visa Basics
What is a work visa?
A work visa is a permit that allows you to legally work in a specific country for a designated period.
Do I need a work visa to work in the Schengen Area?
Yes, unless you are a citizen of an EU/EEA/Swiss country or you hold a visa-exempt status.
What types of work visas are available for the Schengen Area?
Types include short-term work visas, long-term work visas, seasonal work visas, highly skilled worker visas, and intra-company transfer visas.
How do I apply for a work visa in the Schengen Area?
You apply through the embassy or consulate of the country where you plan to work, submitting required documents and fees.
How long does it take to process a work visa for the Schengen Area?
Processing times vary but typically range from 15 days to 3 months, depending on the country and type of visa.
Can I work in multiple Schengen countries with a single work visa?
Generally, no. You need a separate work visa for each country unless you are issued a long-term visa or residence permit that allows you to work in multiple countries.
3. Visa Categories and Requirements
What is the highly skilled worker visa?
It’s a visa designed for individuals with specialized skills, often requiring a higher level of education or work experience.
What is the seasonal worker visa?
This visa is for workers coming to the Schengen Area for temporary jobs that are related to agriculture, tourism, or other seasonal industries.
What is the EU Blue Card?
The EU Blue Card is a residence permit for highly skilled non-EU workers, allowing you to work in most EU countries.
Can I apply for a work visa if I already have a job offer?
Yes, most work visa categories require a job offer before applying. The employer may also need to demonstrate that no local workers were available for the position.
What are the general work visa requirements?
Requirements usually include a valid passport, a job offer or contract, proof of qualifications and experience, proof of financial means, and medical insurance.
Do I need to provide proof of accommodation to apply for a work visa?
Yes, some countries require proof that you have accommodation arranged during your stay.
4. Specific Country Work Visas
What are the requirements for working in Germany?
Germany requires a job offer, proof of qualifications, sufficient financial resources, and health insurance. Some professions may also need an EU Blue Card.
How can I apply for a work visa for France?
To apply for a work visa for France, you’ll need to submit your job contract, proof of qualification, proof of financial means, and meet specific health and background checks.
What are the visa requirements for Spain?
Spain requires a job contract, proof of qualifications, sufficient funds, and health insurance. Your employer will also need to submit a labor market test to prove that no local workers are available.
What is the process for getting a work visa for the Netherlands?
In the Netherlands, you need to show a job contract, proof of qualifications, and sufficient income. The employer may need to demonstrate efforts to hire a local worker.
How do I apply for a work visa in Italy?
To apply for an Italian work visa, you must have a job offer and meet qualifications, along with proof of accommodation and sufficient income.
5. Work Visa Documentation and Process
What documents do I need for a work visa application?
Common documents include your passport, job contract, proof of qualifications, a cover letter, health insurance proof, accommodation proof, and financial documents.
How do I prove my qualifications for a work visa?
You will typically need to submit copies of your educational certificates, professional experience letters, and any relevant licenses.
Do I need to provide proof of financial means for a work visa?
Yes, most countries require you to show that you can financially support yourself while working abroad. This could be through bank statements, income details, or a letter of support from your employer.
Do I need to show health insurance when applying for a work visa?
Yes, most countries require proof of valid health insurance coverage for the duration of your stay.
How long is a work visa valid for?
The validity of a work visa can range from a few months to several years, depending on the type of visa and the country.
Can I extend my work visa?
Yes, some countries allow you to apply for an extension or renewal of your work visa if your employment continues.
6. Job Offer and Employer Responsibilities
Can my employer help me with my work visa application?
Yes, employers often help with visa applications by providing necessary documentation, like proof of employment and salary.
Do employers need to prove that they couldn't hire a local worker?
Yes, for some visa categories, especially in regulated sectors, employers may need to prove that no local or EU worker could fill the position.
What is the labor market test for a work visa?
A labor market test is a process where the employer must prove that no local candidates were suitable for the job before hiring a foreign worker.
Can I change employers while on a work visa?
In many cases, changing employers may require a new visa application. You should check with the country’s immigration authority for specifics.
What happens if my work contract ends while on a work visa?
If your contract ends, you may need to leave the country or apply for a new visa if you find another job.
7. Residence Permits and Work Visas
What is the difference between a work visa and a residence permit?
A work visa allows you to enter and work in the country, while a residence permit allows you to live and work long-term.
Can I apply for permanent residency after working in the Schengen Area?
Yes, in many cases, after a certain period of legal work and residence, you may be eligible for permanent residency.
How long do I need to live in a Schengen country to apply for permanent residency?
This depends on the country, but it typically ranges from 5 to 10 years.
Can I apply for a work visa if I already live in the Schengen Area on a tourist visa?
It depends on the country. Some countries allow visa conversions, while others may require you to return to your home country to apply.
What is the process for applying for permanent residency in the Schengen Area?
Permanent residency applications usually require proof of continuous legal residence, employment, and language proficiency, among other requirements.
8. Working Conditions and Rights
Do I have the same labor rights as local workers while on a work visa?
Yes, in most cases, foreign workers have the same labor rights as local employees, including minimum wage, working hours, and health benefits.
What are my rights if I am not paid according to my contract while on a work visa?
You have the right to take legal action against your employer. Contacting labor unions or local labor authorities is often the first step.
Can I be fired while on a work visa?
Yes, if you are terminated from your job, you must typically leave the country unless you find a new job or apply for a different type of visa.
Are there labor unions in the Schengen Area to help foreign workers?
Yes, most Schengen countries have labor unions that advocate for the rights of workers, including foreign workers.
Can I take family members with me on a work visa?
Many Schengen countries allow workers to bring family members, but they will need to apply for their own visas or permits.
9. Working Remotely in the Schengen Area
Can I work remotely for a company outside the Schengen Area while in the region?
In most cases, yes, as long as you comply with the visa and residence rules of the specific country.
Do I need a special visa for remote work in the Schengen Area?
Some countries have special digital nomad or remote worker visas, while others may require you to apply for a regular work visa.
Can I travel to other Schengen countries while working in one country?
Yes, if you hold a valid work visa for a Schengen country, you can travel freely within the Schengen Area, though you must still adhere to the rules of your host country for employment.
10. Post-Work Visa Considerations
What should I do if I want to stay in the Schengen Area after my work visa expires?
You may need to apply for an extension, a change of status, or a permanent residency visa, depending on your situation.
What happens if my work visa is denied?
If your work visa is denied, you will be informed of the reasons. You can appeal the decision or reapply with additional documentation.
Can I appeal if my work visa application is rejected?
Yes, many countries offer an appeal process, and you can reapply after addressing any issues with your application.
11. Visa Denial and Appeal Process
Why was my work visa application rejected?
Common reasons for rejection include incomplete documentation, failure to meet eligibility criteria, lack of sufficient funds, or concerns over the job offer or employer’s legitimacy.
Can I apply for a work visa again if my first application is denied?
Yes, you can reapply after addressing the reasons for rejection. Make sure to correct any errors and provide additional documentation if needed.
How long should I wait before reapplying after a visa denial?
This varies by country, but generally, you can reapply immediately after denial or after a set waiting period of a few months, depending on the specific guidelines.
What are the most common reasons for work visa rejection in the Schengen Area?
The most common reasons include missing documents, insufficient proof of qualifications, lack of a valid job offer, concerns over the financial stability of the applicant, or discrepancies in the application.
How can I appeal a work visa rejection?
To appeal, you must submit an appeal to the relevant embassy or consulate within the time frame (usually 30 days). Be prepared to provide additional supporting documentation to strengthen your case.
If I am denied a work visa, can I apply for a tourist visa to enter the Schengen Area?
Yes, you can apply for a tourist visa, but it’s important to note that a tourist visa does not allow you to work. If you intend to work, you must have the correct work visa.
12. Working Conditions for Non-EU Nationals
Are there any restrictions on the types of jobs I can take with a work visa in the Schengen Area?
Work visas typically limit you to specific job categories, as determined by the type of visa. If you want to switch roles, you may need to apply for a new visa or amendment.
What are the standard working hours in the Schengen Area for foreign workers?
Standard working hours vary by country but typically range from 35 to 40 hours per week. Overtime pay may apply if you work beyond the standard hours.
Are there any wage requirements for foreign workers in the Schengen Area?
Many countries have minimum wage laws that apply to all workers, including foreign nationals. The wage must also meet the criteria set for work visa approval (e.g., salary thresholds for specific types of visas).
What happens if I overstay my work visa in the Schengen Area?
Overstaying your work visa is considered illegal and can lead to fines, deportation, or a ban from entering the Schengen Area for a specific period. It’s important to leave the country or apply for an extension before your visa expires.
Can I transfer my work visa to another Schengen country if I want to change jobs?
Transferring a work visa between Schengen countries isn’t always straightforward. Typically, you must apply for a new visa in the country where you intend to work, even if you were previously working in another Schengen country.
Can my work visa be revoked if I break the law?
Yes, if you break the law while in the Schengen Area, your visa can be revoked, and you could face deportation. It’s essential to comply with both immigration laws and local regulations.
13. Dual Citizenship and Working in the Schengen Area
Can I work in the Schengen Area if I hold dual citizenship with an EU and non-EU country?
Yes, if you hold citizenship of an EU country, you can work freely in the Schengen Area. However, if your other nationality is non-EU, you may need a work visa for countries that don’t recognize your dual status.
If I have dual citizenship, do I need a visa to work in the Schengen Area?
If you are an EU/EEA/Swiss citizen, you don’t need a visa. If your dual citizenship is non-EU, you will need a work visa for Schengen Area countries.
14. Family Reunification and Work Visas
Can I bring my family with me when I move to the Schengen Area for work?
Many Schengen countries allow foreign workers to bring immediate family members (spouse, children) with them, but they must apply for their own visas or residence permits.
How do I apply for a family reunification visa in the Schengen Area?
You can apply for a family reunification visa once you have been granted a work visa and have met the specific income and accommodation requirements to support your family.
What documents are required for family reunification with a work visa?
Documents typically include proof of relationship (marriage or birth certificates), proof of income, housing arrangements, and the primary worker’s work permit or residence status.
Can my family members work while living in the Schengen Area on a family reunification visa?
In many cases, family members may be permitted to work, but it depends on the country’s specific rules for family reunification visas.
15. Freelancers and Self-Employed Workers in the Schengen Area
Can I work as a freelancer in the Schengen Area?
Yes, but you will likely need a self-employed or freelance visa, which is different from a standard work visa. Requirements vary by country.
How do I apply for a freelance visa in the Schengen Area?
To apply for a freelance visa, you must usually demonstrate that you have clients, a sustainable income, and the skills required for the job. Documentation may include business plans, contracts, and proof of income.
What are the requirements for self-employed workers in the Schengen Area?
Self-employed individuals generally need to show proof of business activity, financial viability, relevant skills, and sometimes a market demand for their services.
Can I work as a consultant on a work visa in the Schengen Area?
It depends on the visa type. Some work visas allow consulting as part of your job responsibilities, but in some cases, a specific consultant or freelance visa might be required.
Do I need a special visa to work remotely as a freelancer in the Schengen Area?
Some countries, like Estonia, offer special "digital nomad" visas for remote workers. Other countries may allow remote work on a standard work or tourist visa, but you should check local regulations.
16. Renewing and Extending Work Visas in the Schengen Area
How do I renew my work visa in the Schengen Area?
To renew your work visa, you must apply before it expires. The renewal process typically requires you to submit your employment contract again, proof of continued financial stability, and possibly a medical check-up.
Can I change my work visa to a permanent residence permit in the Schengen Area?
After living in a Schengen country for several years on a work visa, you may be eligible to apply for permanent residency. The exact requirements vary by country but often include proof of continuous employment and integration into the community.
What happens if I can’t extend my work visa?
If your visa cannot be extended, you will need to leave the country before the visa expires unless you qualify for a different type of visa, such as a tourist or student visa.
How far in advance should I apply for a work visa extension?
It’s recommended to apply for an extension at least 2-3 months before your visa expires, though the exact time frame can vary by country.
What happens if I overstay my work visa and don’t apply for an extension?
If you overstay your visa, you could face fines, deportation, and a ban on future entry to the Schengen Area. It's crucial to apply for an extension or leave the country before your visa expires.
17. Post-Employment Visa and Immigration Pathways
Can I apply for a work visa after completing studies in the Schengen Area?
Yes, many countries offer pathways for students to transition to a work visa after graduation. You may need a job offer and to meet specific requirements, such as a minimum salary threshold.
Can I switch from a student visa to a work visa in the Schengen Area?
Yes, in most cases, you can switch from a student visa to a work visa if you have a job offer. However, you must follow the country’s process for changing visa status.
What is the EU Blue Card, and how can I qualify for it?
The EU Blue Card is a special work permit for highly skilled workers. To qualify, you need a job offer that meets specific salary and skill level criteria and a higher education degree or equivalent professional experience.
Can I stay in the Schengen Area after my work visa expires if I apply for a permanent residency permit?
Yes, if you meet the eligibility criteria for permanent residency and have already applied, you may be allowed to stay until your application is processed. However, you should check the specific rules for the country you are applying to.
18. Temporary and Seasonal Work in the Schengen Area
What is a temporary work visa?
A temporary work visa allows you to work in a Schengen country for a short period, typically ranging from a few weeks to a year, depending on the country and job type.
Who qualifies for a seasonal work visa?
Seasonal work visas are generally issued to workers in agriculture, tourism, and hospitality industries. Applicants must have a job offer for a position tied to the country’s seasonal demands.
How long can I work on a seasonal work visa in the Schengen Area?
Seasonal work visas typically last up to six months within a year. Some countries allow extensions if the work period is extended.
Do seasonal workers have the same rights as permanent workers in the Schengen Area?
Seasonal workers are entitled to basic labor rights, including minimum wage and safe working conditions. However, additional benefits like long-term contracts may not apply.
Can I switch from a seasonal work visa to a long-term work visa?
In some countries, it is possible to switch to a long-term visa if you find permanent employment and meet the required qualifications.
What are the application requirements for seasonal work visas?
Requirements typically include a job offer, proof of housing, sufficient funds, and health insurance coverage. Some countries may also require a labor market test by the employer.
Can I apply for a seasonal work visa without a formal education or specific qualifications?
Yes, seasonal work visas often don’t require formal qualifications but may require relevant experience or specific physical abilities depending on the job.
19. Self-Sponsorship and Entrepreneurship
Can I sponsor myself for a work visa in the Schengen Area?
Yes, some Schengen countries offer self-sponsorship options, such as entrepreneur visas or freelance visas, where you can prove you will support yourself through self-employment or business activities.
What is an entrepreneur visa?
An entrepreneur visa allows individuals to start and run their own business in a Schengen country. Applicants must typically provide a detailed business plan and demonstrate financial resources.
How do I apply for an entrepreneur visa in the Schengen Area?
You’ll need to submit a business plan, proof of sufficient funds, market research, and sometimes evidence of local job creation or economic contribution.
Can I work for another company while holding an entrepreneur visa?
This depends on the country. Some entrepreneur visas restrict you to working solely on your own business, while others may allow limited external employment.
What are the tax obligations for self-employed individuals in the Schengen Area?
Self-employed workers must register with local tax authorities, file regular tax returns, and pay income tax, social contributions, and VAT (if applicable).
20. Language Requirements and Integration
Do I need to speak the local language to work in the Schengen Area?
Language requirements vary by job and country. Some positions, particularly in multinational companies, may not require local language skills. However, learning the local language can improve your job prospects and integration.
Are there language proficiency requirements for specific work visas?
Some countries, like Germany or France, may require a basic level of language proficiency for certain visa types, particularly for long-term visas or integration pathways.
How can I learn the local language to improve my job prospects?
Many countries offer free or subsidized language courses for foreign workers. You can also take private classes, use language apps, or attend community programs.
Are there integration programs for foreign workers in the Schengen Area?
Yes, many countries offer integration programs, which include language training, cultural orientation, and legal guidance to help foreign workers adapt.
21. Health Insurance and Social Security
Do I need health insurance to work in the Schengen Area?
Yes, health insurance is mandatory for work visa applicants in the Schengen Area. You may need private insurance or be enrolled in the public healthcare system, depending on your employment terms.
What is the difference between public and private health insurance in the Schengen Area?
Public health insurance is government-sponsored and often mandatory for employees, providing access to basic healthcare. Private insurance offers additional benefits and may be required for temporary workers or visa applicants.
Can my family be covered under my health insurance?
Yes, most health insurance plans in the Schengen Area allow you to add dependents, such as your spouse and children.
Do I need to contribute to social security in the Schengen Area?
Yes, as a worker in the Schengen Area, you are typically required to contribute to social security programs, including healthcare, unemployment, and pension systems.
Can I access unemployment benefits if I lose my job in the Schengen Area?
If you have contributed to the social security system, you may be eligible for unemployment benefits, depending on the country’s rules.
22. Remote Work and Digital Nomad Visas
What is a digital nomad visa?
A digital nomad visa is a special permit that allows remote workers to live and work in a Schengen country while being employed by a company outside the country or running an online business.
Which Schengen countries offer digital nomad visas?
Countries like Estonia, Croatia, and Portugal offer digital nomad visas. Each has its own eligibility criteria and application process.
What are the requirements for a digital nomad visa?
Requirements typically include proof of remote employment or self-employment, sufficient income, health insurance, and accommodation arrangements.
Can I travel within the Schengen Area on a digital nomad visa?
Yes, as long as your visa is valid, you can travel freely within the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in a 180-day period.
Can I switch from a digital nomad visa to a work visa?
In some countries, you may be allowed to switch to a work visa if you find a local employer and meet the relevant requirements.
23. Student-to-Work Transition
Can I work in the Schengen Area after finishing my studies?
Yes, many Schengen countries allow graduates to stay and work after completing their studies, often granting a temporary residence permit for job searching.
How long can I stay in the Schengen Area after graduation to find a job?
The job search period varies by country, typically ranging from 6 months to 18 months after graduation.
Can I apply for a work visa directly after graduation in the Schengen Area?
Yes, if you secure a job offer that meets visa requirements, you can apply for a work visa directly.
Do I need to meet a salary threshold to transition from a student visa to a work visa?
Yes, some countries have salary thresholds for work visas, especially for positions requiring higher qualifications.
What types of jobs are easier to get as a graduate in the Schengen Area?
Jobs in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics), healthcare, and IT are in high demand in many Schengen countries.
24. Post-Visa Compliance and Long-Term Options
What should I do once my work visa expires?
You should leave the Schengen Area or apply for an extension, a new work visa, or permanent residency, depending on your circumstances.
Can I apply for permanent residency after working in the Schengen Area?
Yes, after legally residing and working in a Schengen country for several years (typically 5–10 years), you can apply for permanent residency.
Can I apply for citizenship after working in the Schengen Area?
Yes, in many cases, you can apply for citizenship after living in a Schengen country for a specified period, meeting residency, language, and integration requirements.
Do I need to renew my work visa every year?
Some work visas are valid for multiple years, but others require annual renewal. Check the specific requirements for your visa type.
Can I start my own business after working in the Schengen Area?
Yes, many countries allow foreign workers to transition to self-employment or entrepreneurship, but you may need to apply for a different visa category.
25. Taxes and Financial Obligations
Do I need to pay taxes as a foreign worker in the Schengen Area?
Yes, foreign workers are typically required to pay income taxes in the Schengen country where they work. Tax rates and filing requirements vary by country.
How do I file my taxes as a foreign worker in the Schengen Area?
You must register with the local tax authority, obtain a tax identification number, and file annual tax returns. Employers often assist with this process for employees.
Are there tax exemptions for foreign workers in the Schengen Area?
Some countries offer tax exemptions or special tax rates for certain foreign workers, such as researchers, highly skilled professionals, or employees of multinational corporations.
Can I claim tax deductions as a foreign worker?
Depending on the country, you may be eligible for deductions, such as housing expenses, child care, or health insurance premiums.
What happens if I fail to pay taxes as a foreign worker?
Non-payment of taxes can result in penalties, fines, or legal action. It can also impact your visa renewal or ability to apply for permanent residency.
Do I need to pay taxes in my home country while working in the Schengen Area?
This depends on the tax treaty between your home country and the Schengen country where you work. Many countries have agreements to prevent double taxation.
26. Relocation and Living Arrangements
How do I find housing in the Schengen Area?
You can search for housing through online platforms, local real estate agents, or employer-provided resources. Temporary accommodations like Airbnb are common for short stays.
Is housing included with my work visa or employment contract?
Some employers offer housing as part of the employment package, especially for seasonal workers or highly skilled professionals. However, this is not guaranteed.
Do I need to register my address after moving to the Schengen Area?
Yes, most Schengen countries require foreign workers to register their residence with local authorities within a specific timeframe after arrival.
Can I bring my pet to the Schengen Area while working abroad?
Yes, but you must comply with the country’s pet import regulations, including vaccinations, microchipping, and health certificates.
What is the cost of living in the Schengen Area for foreign workers?
Costs vary widely depending on the country and city. Major cities like Paris, Berlin, and Amsterdam tend to have higher living expenses than smaller towns or rural areas.
Are there relocation services available for foreign workers?
Many employers offer relocation assistance, including help with housing, registration, and local orientation. You can also hire private relocation services.
27. Recognition of Foreign Qualifications
Do I need my qualifications to be recognized in the Schengen Area?
For certain professions, like medicine, engineering, or teaching, foreign qualifications must be recognized by local authorities.
How do I get my qualifications recognized?
You must apply to the relevant recognition body in the Schengen country. This process may involve submitting diplomas, transcripts, and proof of professional experience.
Can I work while waiting for my qualifications to be recognized?
This depends on the job and visa type. For regulated professions, you may need recognition before starting work.
Do I need to take additional exams or training to work in my field?
Some countries require additional exams, language proficiency tests, or adaptation periods to meet local professional standards.
What is the European Qualifications Framework (EQF)?
The EQF is a standard system for comparing qualifications across EU countries, making it easier for foreign workers to understand and validate their credentials.
28. Safety, Discrimination, and Workers' Rights
What are my rights as a foreign worker in the Schengen Area?
Foreign workers are entitled to fair wages, safe working conditions, and non-discrimination. Labor laws protect all employees, regardless of nationality.
What should I do if I face workplace discrimination?
Report discrimination to your employer, labor union, or local labor authority. Most countries have anti-discrimination laws and enforcement agencies.
Are foreign workers entitled to sick leave and paid vacation?
Yes, foreign workers typically receive the same benefits as local employees, including sick leave and paid vacation, in accordance with local labor laws.
Can I join a labor union as a foreign worker?
Yes, most Schengen countries allow foreign workers to join labor unions to advocate for their rights.
What should I do if my employer violates my work contract?
Contact the local labor authority or seek legal advice. You may also have recourse through the courts or mediation services.
29. Travel and Mobility within the Schengen Area
Can I travel freely within the Schengen Area with a work visa?
Yes, as long as your work visa or residence permit is valid, you can travel freely within the Schengen Area for up to 90 days in any 180-day period.
Do I need a visa to travel outside the Schengen Area while working?
You may need a visa to travel to non-Schengen countries. Check the visa requirements for your destination.
Can I work in multiple Schengen countries with one work visa?
Generally, no. Work visas are issued for a specific country, and you must apply for a separate visa or permit to work in another Schengen country.
How does the Schengen Visa Waiver affect work visas?
The Schengen Visa Waiver allows short-term travel for tourism or business but does not permit employment. A separate work visa is required for working.
What happens if I lose my work visa or residence permit while traveling?
Report the loss to the local police and your home country’s embassy. You may need to apply for a replacement before returning to your host country.
30. End of Employment and Returning Home
What happens if I lose my job while on a work visa?
You may have a grace period to find new employment or switch to a different visa type. If not, you must leave the country before your visa expires.
Can I stay in the Schengen Area after my employment ends?
If your visa is tied to your job, you may need to leave unless you apply for a different visa, such as a job-seeking visa or permanent residency.
Do I need to inform authorities when leaving the Schengen Area permanently?
Yes, many countries require you to deregister with local authorities and notify immigration services if you leave permanently.
Can I reapply for a work visa after leaving the Schengen Area?
Yes, you can reapply if you meet the eligibility criteria. There are no restrictions on reapplying unless you have violated visa terms.
What should I do with my social security contributions when returning to my home country?
Some countries allow you to claim social security refunds or transfer your contributions to your home country if there is a bilateral agreement.
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